Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Chinas Grand Canal

Chinas Grand Canal The largest canal in the world, the Grand Canal of China, wends its way through four provinces, beginning at Beijing and ending at Hangzhou.   It ties together two of the greatest rivers in the world - the Yangtze River and the Yellow River - as well as smaller waterways such as the Hai River, the Qiantang River, and the Huai River. History of The Grand Canal Just as impressive as its incredible size, however, is the Grand Canals remarkable age. The first section of the canal likely dates back to the 6th century BCE, although Chinese historian Sima Qian claimed that it went back 1,500 years earlier than that to the time of the legendary Yu the Great of the Xia Dynasty.   In any case, the earliest section links the Yellow River to the Si and Bian Rivers in Henan Province.   It is known poetically as the Canal of the Flying Geese, or more prosaically as Far-Flung Canal. Another early section of the Grand Canal was created under the direction of King Fuchai of Wu, who ruled from 495 to 473 BCE.   This early portion is known as the Han Gou, or Han Conduit, and connects the Yangtze River with the Huai River. Fuchais reign coincides with the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the beginning of the Warring States period, which would seem to be an inauspicious time to take on such a huge project. However, despite the political turmoil, that era saw the creation of several major irrigation and waterworks projects, including the Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan, the Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi Province, and the Lingqu Canal in Guangxi Province. The Grand Canal itself was combined into one great waterway during the reign of the Sui Dynasty, 581 - 618 CE.   In its finished state, the Grand Canal stretches 1,104 miles (1,776 kilometers) and runs north to south roughly parallel to the east coast of China.   The Sui used the labor of 5 million of their subjects, both men and women, to dig the canal, finishing work in 605 CE. The Sui rulers sought to connect northern and southern China directly so that they could ship grain between the two regions.   This helped them to overcome local crop failures and famine, as well as supplying their armies that were stationed far from their southern bases.   The path along the canal also served as an imperial highway, and post offices set all along the way served the imperial courier system. By the Tang Dynasty era (618 - 907 CE), more than 150,000 tons of grain traveled the Grand Canal annually, most of it tax payments from southern peasants moving to the capital cities of the north.   However, the Grand Canal could pose a danger as well as a benefit to the people who lived beside it.   In the year 858, a terrible flood spilled into the canal, and drowned thousands of acres across the North China Plain, killing tens of thousands.   This catastrophe represented a huge blow to the Tang, already weakened by the An Shi Rebellion.   The flooding canal seemed to suggest that the Tang Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven, and needed to be replaced. To prevent the grain barges from running aground (and then being robbed of their tax grain by local bandits), the Song Dynasty  assistant commissioner of transport Qiao Weiyue invented the worlds first system of pound locks.   These devices would raise the level of the water in a section of the canal, to safely float barges past obstacles in the canal. During the Jin-Song Wars, the Song dynasty in 1128 destroyed part of the Grand Canal to block the Jin militarys advance.   The canal was only repaired in the 1280s by the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, which moved the capital to Beijing and shortened the total length of the canal by about 450 miles (700 km). Both the Ming (1368 - 1644) and the Qing (1644 - 1911) Dynasties maintained the Grand Canal in working order.   It took literally tens of thousands of laborers to keep the whole system dredged and functional each year; operating the grain barges required an additional 120,000 plus soldiers. In 1855, disaster struck the Grand Canal.   The Yellow River flooded and jumped its banks, changing its course and cutting itself off from the canal.   The waning power of the Qing Dynasty decided not to repair the damage, and the canal is still not entirely recovered.   However, the Peoples Republic of China, founded in 1949, has invested heavily in repairing and reconstructing damaged and neglected sections of the canal. The Grand Canal Today In 2014, UNESCO listed the Grand Canal of China as a World Heritage Site.   Although much of the historic canal is visible, and many sections are popular tourist destinations, currently only the portion between Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and Jining, Shandong Province is navigable.   That is a distance of about 500 miles (800 kilometers).

Saturday, November 23, 2019

How to Teach Topic Sentences Using Models

How to Teach Topic Sentences Using Models Topic sentences can be likened to miniature thesis statements for individual paragraphs. The topic sentence states the main idea or topic of the paragraph. The sentences that follow the topic sentence must relate and support the claim or position made in the topic sentence.   As with all writing, teachers should first model proper topic sentences to have students identify the topic and the claim in the sentence, regardless of the academic discipline. For example, these models of topic sentences inform the reader about a topic and the claim that will be supported in the paragraph: Topic Sentence: Pets are important to many people because they can improve the overall health of the pet owner.  Topic: PetsClaim: Improve the overall health of the pet owner.Topic Sentence: Coding requires a number of different skills.Topic: CodingClaim: Requires a number of different skills.Topic Sentence: There are many reasons why housing in Singapore is the best in the world.  Topic: â€Å"Housing in Singapore†Claim: Housing in Singapore is the best in the world.Topic Sentence: Drama class requires students to be collaborative and willing to take risks.Topic: Drama classClaim: Drama class requires students to be collaborative and willing to take risks.   Writing the Topic Sentence The topic sentence should not be too general or too specific. The topic sentence should still provide the reader with the basic answer to the question being posed. A good topic sentence should not include details. Placing the topic sentence at the beginning of a paragraph ensures that the reader knows precisely what information is going to be presented.   Topic sentences should also alert the reader as to how the paragraph or the essay has been organized so that the information can be better understood. These paragraph text structures can be identified as compare/contrast, cause/effect, sequence, or problem/solution. As with all writing, students should be given multiple opportunities to identify topics and claims in models. Students should practice writing topic sentences for many different topics in all disciplines using different test structures. Compare and Contrast Topic Sentences The topic sentence in a comparison paragraph would identify the  similarities or similarities and differences in the topic of the paragraph. A topic sentence in a contrast paragraph would identify only differences in topics. The topic sentences in compare/contrast essays may organize the information subject by subject (block method) or point by point. They may list comparisons in several paragraphs and then follow those with contrast points. The topic sentences of comparison paragraphs may use transition words or phrases such as Æ’ as well as, correspondingly, Æ’ compared to, just like, likewise, similarly, and the same as. Topic sentences of contrast paragraphs may use transition words or phrases such as:  although, conversely, even though, however, in contrast, on the other hand,  to the contrary, and unlike. Æ’ Some examples of compare and contrast topic sentences are: Animals in the same family share common characteristics. These characteristics include†¦A purchase of a small car has both advantages and disadvantages.   Cause and Effect Topic Sentences When a topic sentence introduces the effect of a topic, the body paragraphs will contain evidence of causes. Conversely, when a topic sentence introduces a cause, the body paragraph will contain evidence of effects. Transition words used in topic sentences for a cause and effect paragraph may include: AccordinglyBecauseAs a resultConsequentlyFor this reasonThereforeThus   Some examples of topic sentences for cause and effect paragraphs are: I am great at a grilling a steak, but I can never seem to make a good cake. This is because†¦The United States Civil War was started for a number of reasons. The causes of the Civil War include:The Great Depression was a period of great distress and economic problems for many Americans and individuals across the globe. The effects of the Great Depression include: Some essays require students to analyze the cause of an event or action. In analyzing this cause, students will need to discuss the effect or consequences of an event or action. A topic sentence using this text structure can focus the reader on the cause(s), the effect(s), or both. Students should remember not to confuse the verb affect with the noun effect. The use of effect means â€Å"to influence or change† while the use of effect means â€Å"the result.† Sequence Topic Sentences While all essays follow a specific order, a text structure of sequence explicitly alerts the reader to a 1st, 2nd or 3rd point. A sequence is one of the most common strategies in organizing an essay when the topic sentence identifies a need to order the supporting information.  Either the paragraphs must be read in order, much like a recipe, or the writer has prioritized the information using terms such as then, next or finally. In a sequence text structure, the body paragraph follows a progression of ideas that are supported by details or evidence. The transition words that could be used in topic sentences for sequence paragraphs may include: AfterwardBeforeEarlierInitiallyMeanwhileLaterPreviouslySubsequently Some examples of topic sentences for sequence paragraphs are: The first reason why a real Christmas tree is preferred by many to an artificial one is:Successful leaders of large companies often share similar traits. The most important trait  includes:Changing the oil in a car is easy only if you follow the  steps. Problem-Solution Topic Sentences The topic sentence in a paragraph that uses the problem/solution text structure identifies a problem for the reader. The remainder of the paragraph is dedicated to offering a solution. Students should be able to provide a reasonable solution or refute objections in each paragraph. Transition words that can be used in topic sentences using the problem-solution paragraph structure are: AnswerProposeSuggestIndicateSolveResolvePlan Some examples of topic sentences for problem-solution paragraphs are: Students can avoid getting sick when they go away to college by taking certain precautions. Proposed precautions include...Various health agencies suggest that many kinds of pollution can affect your health. The different kinds of pollution include†¦Texting while driving has increased the number of auto fatalities. One answer to this problem could be†¦ All of the example sentences above can be used with students to illustrate the different types of topic sentences. If the writing assignment requires a particular text structure, there are specific transition words that can help students organize their paragraphs.   Crafting Topic Sentences Crafting an effective topic sentence is a necessary skill, especially in meeting college and career readiness standards. The topic sentence requires that student plan what they are trying to prove in the paragraph before the draft. A strong topic sentence with its claim will focus the information or message for the reader. In contrast, a weak topic sentence will result in an unorganized paragraph, and the reader will be confused because the support or details will not be focused. Teachers should be ready to use models of proper topic sentences to help  students determine the best structure for delivering information to the reader. There must also be time for students to practice writing topic sentences. With practice, students will learn to appreciate the rule that a proper topic sentence almost lets the paragraph to write itself!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Organizational beilefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational beilefs - Essay Example The employees have been guided to follow the instructions of the organizational leaders because they are primarily responsible for taking decisions and their subordinates have to follow them. Employees are not recommended to challenge the decision of the leader because it will create a rift and organizational functionality will suffer. However, if employees are interested to bring change in the company then they are strongly suggested to follow the process of change management but again in order to do that they need support of the top management and therefore, usually they have to shut their mouths and keep on doing what are asked to do. I have worked with a news agency which was operating to report and partially analyzed developments of American stock exchanges. The job was a hectic and rather painful one too. I started to the job with great level of enthusiasm as it was my first placement. My energies ran out after working for three months. The most fundamental and important cause of my disinterest stemmed out of my suffering of psychological contract breach as I started to think that my efforts, energies and intellect were being wasted as I work for this particular organization. The job was challenging and therefore, needed a significant level of struggle on my part but the organizational leadership was not willing to recognize my contributions to a certain level because they had to pay me more which they were unwilling to do at that point in time. The basic organizational belief was to work in order to exploit people and the organization was notorious for not striking the balance between one’s efforts and compensation. I on the other hand believed that the company must benefit the workers so that a viable, reasonable and acceptable level of social exchange can be forged between an employer and its employees. The company was operating in an entirely different way. Secondly, the leader of the organization told me that they are

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Concepts, Theories and Critics Arguments Associated With Whistle Essay

The Concepts, Theories and Critics Arguments Associated With Whistle Blowing - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that whistleblowing is an act of exposing any misconduct, illegal or dishonest activity, which is taking place in an organization. The examples of the misdoings can be any activity that does not comply with the laws and regulations or can even be a direct threat to public interest like, corruption, fraud and safety issues. The whistleblower is often repressed by the organization against whom he spoke, related organizations or by law. Whistleblowing is a practice, which needs to be looked after very carefully. The whistleblowers are the ones who can help to bring insanity in any organizational practice or government, where the incumbents mostly abuse their power or positions by involving in wrong practices for either the companies or self-benefit. It is the whistleblowers who can bring these wrongdoings under check by exposing the wrong-doers in public. Though the whistleblowers work for better public interest, there is no law to safeguard t hem from the imminent organizational pressure. Many attempts have been made to define the process of Whistle-Blowing. According to James, Whistleblowing is â€Å"an attempt by an employee or former employee of an organization to disclose what he or she believes to be wrongdoings in or by the organization.† According to Johnson, whistleblowing is significant disclosure of unethical, illegal as well as harmful practices in an organization to certain authorized and standard groups who have the power to take action. In general, these information disclosures are considered as favoring public interest by exposing any activity that involves unauthorized or improper utilization of public funds, information regarding criminal activities, improper bending of justice and danger to safety or health of an individual or any other malpractice. At the same time, critics have argued that whistleblowing can create the negative impact on interpersonal relationships such s between co-workers in an organization and the whistleblower. They even end up being enemies or completely ignore the whistleblower in order to escape their wrongdoings. Whistleblowers can be external or internal and depend on the party or group to whom the whistleblower complaints.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

James Madison Essay Example for Free

James Madison Essay James Madison, Federalist Paper #51, 1788 In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate governments, Hence a double security rises to the rights of the people. The different governments will each control each other, at the same ume that each will be controlled by Itself. Note: Madisons Idea of division of power between central and state governments is known as Federalism, Specific power divisions can be seen in the chart below. Document Analysis 1. A compound is something made of two or more pieces. What are the two pieces that make up Madisons compound government? The central/national government and the state governments 2. What word ending in ism is another word for this kind ot compound government? Federalism . How does this compound government provide double security to the people? The central and state governments will check each others power. Also, the branches within each level of government will provide checks and balances. 4. Using the chart above, can you see a pattern In the types of power the Constitution reserved for the State governments? States seem to have power over the more local and personal issues (school. marriages ). These personal liberties were too important for the framers to put into the hands of the national government. Governments closer to the people (the state overnments) would be more in tune with the feelings and cultures of their arem 5. How does federalism guard against tyranny? By distributing certain powers between the central government and the states neither could tyrannize (gain absolute power) over the nation or the nations people. Document

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Problems of Facebook :: Social Networking, Pro Con Essays

The popular site, Facebook.com, has amassed more than one billion registrants since it started in February 2004. It is another social networking site, just like MySpace.com and Xanga.com, which is common to High School and College students. But this is no ordinary site; people’s lives literally revolve around Facebook. I have a Facebook account and log in at least once a day. I personally believe that Facebook is a fun and interactive site. However, some students may not feel that same way because they have encountered some negative aspects, aside from Facebook’s legal problems. Students who want to find jobs may regret posting private pictures and comments on Facebook. Employers not only screen resumes and conduct interviews, but also view job candidates’ Facebook profiles. The boss wants to know if the applicant is actually a â€Å"professional.† Pictures may show the person drinking, smoking, or doing other unprofessional activities. Offensive comments can also hurt an applicant’s chances of getting the job. Not many Colleges check up on their students through Facebook, but Oxford University is an expert at doing just that. Any picture or comment pertaining to illegal activities will lead to a student being charged with a fine. Since I am about to head off to college soon, I would disapprove of this invasion of privacy. Nonetheless, other colleges may soon pick up this way to spy on their students. Just as MySpace has online predators, Facebook may have some too. Some Facebook users have profiles with personal information that are visible to everyone. AOL screen names, phone numbers, and even addresses are posted on the site. Police are now looking into Facebook because a few convicted sex offenders have registered on the site. The entire Facebook company is being sued by three owners of ConnectU, which is another social networking site.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Hybrid Electric Cars, Combustion Engine driven cars and their Impact on Environment Essay

Fig. 1. Estimated grows of Planet Earth Population But the expected grow of automobiles will grow much rapidly. The growth will be caused mainly with inevitable living standard improving in many countries like Africa, South Asia and South America together with enlarging of population in these regions. The estimated grows of automobiles over whole Earth is shown in Fig. 2. From comparison of both figures results that the population may grow between years 2000 to 2050 from 6 to 10 milliards that means 1. 7 times, but the expected vehicle number will grow from 0. 7 to 2. 5 milliards that is 3. 6 times. This work was supported by Research Center of Combustion Engines and Automobile Technology. 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1980 Rada1 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 years Fig. 3. Total world production of CO2 These problems are so serious that they became very important theme of international discussions. Results of these discussions were settled in the Kyoto Protocol. Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Automobiles produce approximately a half of the total world production of CO2. Let us imagine that a good new car produces approximately 160 g of CO2 pro each km. There are many possibilities how to diminish this terrible amount. Electric hybrid cars are produced in enlarging numbers and they reach enlarging popularity between customers. They bring a new possibility how to diminish the world CO2 production. II. ELECTRIC HYBRID CAR SYSTEMS Hybrid electric vehicles combine electric and internal combustion engine drive. Hybrid electric vehicles combine the zero pollution benefits of electric motors with the high fuel energy density benefits of the thermal engine. Hybrid electric drives adjust the combustion engine load and revolutions into the point of best motor efficiency and lowest motor emissions. [1], [4], [6], [7]. A. Basic Drive Configurations Series hybrid drive in Fig. 4 presents a combination of different energy sources. In the picture the energy sources are the combustion engine and the battery. The internal combustion engine ICE propels a generator. Total power in form of the generator electric power and the battery electric power are summed in the traction motor. There is no mechanical connection between ICE and wheels. internal combustion engine generator ICE gear box GB battery traction motor TM BAT ICE Fig. 5 Parallel hybrid drive G battery Combined switched hybrid drive in Fig. 6 is based on series hybrid drive with mechanical coupling using a clutch between generator and traction motor. It is series hybrid drive when the clutch is off. BAT traction motor internal combustion engine ICE TM generator G battery BAT coupling Fig. 4. Series hybrid drive Battery acts as energy buffer. Advantage of series hybrid drive is the possibility to operate the thermal engine ICE in optimal revolutions quite free from the car velocity. That results in low specific fuel consumption and in low gas emission for any traction load and car velocity. Efficiency of energy conversions in the system must be taken in account. Parallel hybrid drive in Fig. 5 is a combination of ICE and electric traction motor on the same shaft. Traction motor is supplied by battery and its output is separated from the ICE output. Final traction torque is sum of both motors torque. Power transmission is more effective than in series hybrid drive because the mechanical ICE output is not transformed in electrical output. But the ICE cannot work in optimal load regime because its speed is not free from the car velocity. traction motor internal combustion engine TM Fig. 6. Combined switched hybrid drive The generator supplies the electric energy to the traction motor. When the car speed and ICE speed and power are high but the difference between ICE speed and car speed is small, it is better to operate the scheme as parallel hybrid drive and the clutch is on in such a case. On this regime the ICE power and speed are high and the ICE can operate with small output changes. The difference between desired traction output and ICE optimal output is stored in or discharged from the accumulator. The drive is depicted in Fig. 9. It consists with gasoline engine, double rotor DC generator, and traction motor. traction motor Combined hybrid with planetary gear in Fig. 7 is a topology where mechanical power splitting is used. The splitting is performed in the planetary gear. In this scheme the generator rotates with speed, which is difference between the ICE and car speed. This solution allows splitting the ICE output into two parts. rotating stator control unit generator ~ ~ generator gasoline engine traction motor ICE planet gear Fig. 7. Combined hybrid with planetary grar The first part is proportional to the difference between the ICE and car speed and the second is proportional to the car speed. The first part is transformed into electric energy in the generator and supplied to the traction motor. The second part is transferred by the output planet shaft directly to car wheels. This scheme allows controlling the engine speed and torque and this is the way how to minimize fuel consumption. Electric power splitting drive using DC machines was used on Czechoslovak express motor cars in the year 1936. The patent document was emitted in Czechoslovakia with Nr 53 735 on 25. February 1936. [1], [2], [3]. DC machines were usual on railway vehicles at that time. The vehicle was called :†Slovenska Strela† and remained in service till the year 1950. It should be reconstructed and modernized later on. But electrification of the main railway connection between Prague-Kosice replaced this very interesting vehicle with express electric locomotives. Fig. 8. Express railway car â€Å"Slovenska Strela† clutch rotor output shaft Fig. 9. Electric power splitting drive of express car â€Å"Slovenska Strela† The ICE drives a DC generator which â€Å"stator† and rotor can rotate separately. The â€Å"stator† is firmly coupled with the ICE shaft. The rotor is coupled with car wheels. On the car shaft is mounted a DC electric traction motor supplied by the voltage induced in the generator. The splitting is performed in the generator. The relative speed between generator â€Å"stator† and rotor is difference between the ICE and car speeds. This solution allows split the ICE output into two parts. The first part is proportional to the difference between the ICE and car speed and the second is proportional to the car speed. The first part is transformed into electric energy in the generator and supplied to the traction motor. The second part is transferred directly by means of electromagnetic torque in the generator air gap to the car wheels. This scheme allows controlling the ICE speed independently from the car speed and this is the way how to minimize fuel consumption. Model of Electric Power Splitting Drive Using AC Machines was implemented in the laboratory of Josef Bozek Research Center of Engine and Automotive Technology at the Technical University in Prague. The physical model of the drive is seen in Fig. 10. It is experimental electric hybrid car drive of a small power. [5], [9], [11], [13], [14], [15]. The output is 7. 5 kW, 0 – 6000 min-1.. Electronic converters and supercapacitor EC are integrated in the circuit between electric power divider SPGM and traction motor TM. The super capacitor as a peak energy storage has 100F, 56V and 400 A. It is able to accept the kinetic energy during braking the vehicle of the mass 1500kg from the velocity 60km/hour and regenerate it during next speeding up. Principle of the system is depicted in Fig. 10. The combustion engine COM ENG drives the electric power divider SGPM. The power divider is a special double rotor synchronous permanent magnet generator. The first rotor is firmly connected with the combustion engine shaft. The second rotor is firmly connected with the traction motor TM and with car wheels. The traction motor is supplied with electric power induced by differential velocity between first and second rotors. Parameters of this electric power (voltage, current and frequency) are changed in electronic converter in EC. Power of the combustion engine is divided into two parts. used for evaluation and comparison of car’s performance, pollution production, efficiencies etc. Simulations were performed on New European Driving Cycle NEDC. The NEDC is shown in Fig. 11. Total distance 10,9km Speed (km/hour) EC ELM CLUTCH COM ENG TM SGPM base Fig. 10. Physical model of Electric Splitting Drive Using AC Machines The incoming power P1=T1* ? 1 is the power of combustion engine producing torque T1 at angular velocity ? 1. Torque T1 is transferred with electromagnetic force to the second rotor, rotating at angular velocity ? 2 which is the same as car velocity. Power transmitted to car wheels by this torque is therefore Pm=T1*? 2. Remaining power is induced by magnetic field into the electric winding arranged on the second rotor. Neglecting losses this power is Pel=P1-Pm=T1*(? 1-? 2). Power Pel is transferred via electronic converter in EC to the traction motor TM and finally added to power Pm on car wheels. Incoming power P1 from combustion engine is by this technique divided into two parts Pm and Pel. Combustion engine can rotate with angular velocity which does not depend from the car velocity III. SIMULATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION OF HYBRID ELECTRIC CARS Main advantage of electric hybrid cars is the diminishing of fuel consumption. The production of CO2 depends on the fuel consumption and on the working conditions of the ICE. The working conditions of the ICE are much better in electric hybrid cars than in conventional cars generally. Simulations were done with the mathematical model of Electric Power Splitting Drive Using AC Machines. Measured parameters and features obtained in the laboratory [11], [13], [14] were used for the simulation. The mathematical model of a conventional car and hybrid electric car with electric power divider was established in [15] [16] Comparisons of this art are usualy done on different standard driving cycles. Standard driving cycle represents a driving pattern of a certain geographic region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific). These driving cycles are Time (s) Fig. 11 New European Driving Cycle Parameters of compared cars and results of simulation are shown in Tab. 1 TABLE I SIMULATION RESULTS Vehicle type, manufacturer Driving Cycle Total mass (kg) Specific Consumption during total NEDC (l/100km). Total emissions CO2 (g) Specific emissions (g/km) First case Second case NEDC Skoda 1. 2HTP NEDC 1450 1120 5. 1 5. 9 1333 1540 122. 9 142 Model Fabia Two cases are shown. In both of them the New European Driving Cycle was simulated. Case first: Hybrid electric car with electric power divider. The mass of the car respects the additional mass of electric part of the powertrain. Case second: Conventional car Skoda Fabia 1. 2 HTP. The results shown in Tab. 1 allow to make following conclusions: When comparing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions between hybrid car with electric power divider versus conventional car of the same class (that means the same primary ICE engine power and respecting additional mass of the electric powertrain machines), we can conclude that the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are significantly lower at the hybrid car. Hybridization of such cars brings not only fuel savings but also is much more environmentally friendly. I. CONCLUSION The production of dangerous greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of world energy resources become a serious problem. Especially CO2 emissions can influence the climate stability of Planet Earth. The automobile business contributes to this development a lot. But the automobile technology has space to be improved. The electric and hybrid electric vehicles can contribute to diminishing of fuel consumption and green gases production. The hybrid electric vehicles makes it possible to operate the combustion engine in more suitable regimes with better fuel combustion conditions. Some hybrid systems even enable to operate the combustion engine in best relation between power and revolutions. Systems with power dividers allow the engine to operate in revolutions that are quite independent from the car velocity. Simulations were done with the mathematical model of Electric Power Splitting Drive Using AC Machines. Measured parameters and features obtained in the laboratory were used for the simulation. Simulations were performed on New European Driving Cycle NEDC. Results of one commercial car and one hybrid electric car with electric power divider are published. Fuel consumption of the hybrid car on the new European Driving Cycle was 5,1 l/km. The commercial car consumed 5,9 l/km. The hybrid car consumption is 13. 6% lower then at commercial car. Similar numbers were obtained with respect to CO2 production. The hybrid car produced 1333 g CO2 on the New European Driving Cycle. Commercial car produced 1540 g CO2. Hybrid car with electric power divider produced 13. 5% less CO2 . REFERENCES [1] V. Klima : Electro-mechanic drive DELKA and its comparison with Dieselelectric drive. (Elektro mechanicky pohon DELKA a jeho srovnani s normalnim Diesel-elektrickym pohonem. ) Elektrotechnicky obzor 1949, Nr. 19, Pg. 489-496 [2] J. Sousedik : Patent document Czechoslovakia Nr 53 735 from 25. February 1936. [3] J. Bilek: Electric drive of motor cars â€Å"Slovenska strela† (Elektricka vyzbroj motorovych vozu â€Å"Slovenska strela†). Elektrotechnicky obzor 1937, Nr16, Pg249-253, Nr. 21 Pg. 331-336. [4] J. Mierlo: Simulation software for comparison and design of electric, hybrid electric and internal combustion vehicles with respect to energy, emission and performances. Vrije Universiteit Brussel. [5] Z. Cerovsky, P. Mindl, S. Fligl, Z. Halamka and P. Hanus: Power Electronics in Automotive Hybrid Drives, 10th International Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC Cavtat- Dubrovnik Croatia, September 2002, ISBN 953-184-047-4 [6] T. Denton : Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems, SAE International ISBN 0 340 73195 8. [7] Michael H. Wesbrook: The Electric and Hybrid Electric Car, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2001, London [9] Lettl, J. , Fligl, S. : Matrix Converter in Hybrid Drives. Proceedings of 8th International Conference â€Å"Problems of Present-day Electrotechnics PPE 2004†, vol. 3, pp. 77-80, Ukraine, Kyiv, June 7-10, 2004, ISSN 0204-3599. [10] Lettl, J. , Fligl, S. : Matrix Converter Control System. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium PIERS 2005 Proceedings, pp. 395-398, China, Hangzhou, August 22-26, 2005, ISBN 1-933077-07-7. [11] Cerovsky Z. , Mindl P. : Super-capacitor in hybrid drive. International Symposium on Electric Machinery in Prague ISEM 2003 , str. 110-111, ISBN 80-01- 02828-3 [12] Zdenek,J. : „Vibrationless Drive Controller Software Designâ€Å". Proc. of XI. int.symp. ISEM2003. Sept. 2003. Prague, pp. 158-165. [13] Cerovsky,Z. – Mindl,P. : Hybrid Drive with Supercapacitor Energy Storage, FISITA Conference Barcelona. F193m 2004. [14] Cerovsky Z. , Mindl P. : Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain using Electric Power-Splitting Synchronous Generator with Permanent Magnets. IPEC-Niigata 2005 [15] Mildorf M. : Mathematical model of a drive and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicle. Diploma thesis. 2007, Czech Techn. Uni. Prague. Faculty of El. Eng. [16] Simkova L. : Mathematical model of hybrid car. Bachelor thesis 2004. Czech Techn. Uni. Prague. Phaculty of El. Eng.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Becoming a Better Leader

â€Å"You can’t polish a sneaker – an ugly sneaker is an ugly sneaker. † When applied to a leader, some people might think that a good leader is born. However, history has shown that leaders are not exactly born. While observers are inclined to believe that every individual has innate capabilities of becoming a leader, not everybody is able to develop them.Biographies of great leaders show that their willingness and creativity in addressing the demands of their environment helped develop their capabilities.A classic example was Gandhi of India who did nothing grand but was able to move millions of his countrymen to action. By simply staying at home and using his loom to weave his clothing materials, he was able to show that it was possible for India to develop its own industry and become independent of Great Britain (Blagg and Young, 2001).A good leader should not only learn to say no and â€Å"I don’t know. † He or she should have the courage to te ll people the hard realities no matter how adverse, but should be able to help them cope with such realities.As John Kotter once said, â€Å"Great leadership does not mean running away from reality†¦Sometimes the hard truths might just demoralize the company, but at other times sharing difficulties can inspire people to take action that will make the situation better† (Blagg and Young, 2001).Leadership, therefore, involves meeting issues head-on and calling a spade a spade. It is true that a good leader attracts criticisms. He who is never criticized is not doing anything substantial or creative.Who was it who said that â€Å"One can’t please everybody? † Since harsh criticisms come from people who were not pleased or were threatened by one’s actions, surely others must have been satisfied or gratified. It might be a cliche but it is true that a coin has two sides.In like manner, an expert at the Harvard Business School was once quoted as saying that â€Å"There are lots of people who look and act like managers, who have excellent managerial skills, and who don’t make a lot of noise.Nobody is writing cover stories about them† (Joseph Badaracco as cited in Blagg and Young, 2001). An individual who is never censured, reproached, or appreciated, even if he or she is a manager is not a leader.He is somebody who is not exceptional – someone who is simply mediocre. Reference Blagg, D. & Young, S. (2001). What Makes A Good Leader. Harvard Business School Bulleting. Retrieved February 17, 2008 from http://www. alumni. hbs. edu/bulletin/2001/february/leader. html

Friday, November 8, 2019

ADOLF HITLER Essays (1834 words) - Adolf Hitler, Hitler Family

ADOLF HITLER Essays (1834 words) - Adolf Hitler, Hitler Family ADOLF HITLER ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the evening of April 20th, 1889 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean's office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. 2. WORLD WAR I While living in Vienna Hitler he made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks which he sold as post cards. But he was always poor. He was also a regular reader of a small paper which claimed that the Araban race was superior to all and was destined to rule the world. The paper blamed Communists and Jews for all their problems and hitler agreed to those views. Hitler agree with most of the points made in the publication. He continued to live a poor live in Vienna and in 1913 decided to move to Munich. Still living in Vienna and being Austrain by birth, Hitler showed more loyalty to the Geramny. He thought that the Aryan race was destined to rule the world. Many believe that he tried to escape the draft but it was never proven. His live in Munich was not much better then before and he continued to be poor. Then in 1914 World War I broke out and Hitler saw this as a great opportunity to show his loyalty to the "fatherland" by volunteering for the Imperial army. He did not want to fight in the Austrian Army. Hitler was a good soldier. Many of political opponents claimed that he was a coward but records clearly show that he was not. He received to awards of bravery but never achieved a high Rank. In 1918 Germany surrendered and Hitler was very upset about the loss. He believed that it was the Jews and the Communists who betrayed the "fatherland" and it was here that his disliking of the Jews most likely began. Germany after the war was in chaos. With no real Government to control the country, many groups tried to take control. One day a big communist group staged a big riot but another group of ex-soldiers including Hitler managed to hold them back. 3. THE NAZI PARTY Since there were not many chances for employment Hitler stayed in the army. Hitler was assigned the job of going go to various meetings of groups which sprang up like mushrooms and to report on them. One day September 12, 1919 - a fateful day in history, Hitler was sent to investigate a small group which called itself the "German Workers Party". Hitler was not to happy about his assignment. He thought it wouldn't be worth it to even go. At the group mainly talked

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

How to Build the Best Social Media Promotion Schedule For Your Content

How to Build the Best Social Media Promotion Schedule For Your Content You know that creating amazing content takes a lot of time. When your content doesn’t get the views it deserves, though you wonder if it was worth the time. There is a simple fix for that problem. Sharing your content  on social media with a coordinated social media promotion plan. But, before you can get results, you need content thats worth sharing in the first place. Thats where this blog post comes in. You’re going to learn: How to understand what your audience wants  so you can create and share the right content to reach them. How to find shareable talking points in your content  that can easily be repurposed on social media. How to build a promotion schedule that maximizes traffic and shares. In short, what youll find here is a complete guide to creating and scheduling social promotion to maximize your contents value. How To Build The Best Social Media Promotion Schedule For Your ContentGrab Your Free Social Media Promotion Plan   Kit This kit includes three templates to help you plan and execute an effective content promotion strategy: Social Media Promotion Posting Schedule Template: Plan out how often youll post on each network. Social Media Calendar: Then schedule all your posts ahead of time in one place. Social Media Promotional Insights Report: Show your results with this simple reporting template. Get them all free now and execute the advice in this post more easily. ... Then Check Out the New and Improved ReQueue ReQueue is the industry's only intelligent social media automation tool, built into .And now it's improved and better than ever: Set it and forget it (with confidence):  Choose posts to reshare and let handle the rest. Reshare your best posts (with intelligence):  Never worry again about sending too many or too few posts. Customize sharing groups (with granular control):  Use Placeholder Groups to customize clusters of messages on the days and times you choose. Ready to try it yourself? Get it free for 14 days and start saving time on social media marketing now. Understand What Your Audience Is Going To Get Out Of Your Content You write your content based on one goal. That could be informing your readers of a new product, or sharing answers to frequently asked questions. Your audience reads your content because they’re being driven by a different goal. They could be looking to learn something new, gather information about your product, or explore more of what your company is about. Your content you share on social media should aim for the overlap between these two goals. But not just the content that you're planning on sharing with your followers. Your social media messages also play a role. By figuring out that intersection between your goals and your audience’s goals, you'll be able to write stronger messages that will drive them to the landing page, blog post, podcast or any other type of evergreen content that you’ve created. The second question you need to ask yourself is what is your audience going to get from your content? People are not going to care unless there's something in it for them. That sounds harsh but the reality is, your audience is going to ask what's in it for me? Your social media messages need to be able to answer that question and inspire them to click. Recommended Reading: The Easy 5-Step Content Plan Template That Will Make Every Piece Amazing Now that you know how to handle WIIFM and the goals behind why you created your content, you can begin to plan out your social media messages and create the right tone and conversation that encourages your audience to interact with your content. In essence, you're going to need to reread your content and pulling out the best talking points based on what your audience is going to get from your content. Things like: What will your readers leave knowing? What is a call to action that would drive them to click? What results should they expect to see after they read your content? Statistics, numbers, and quotes. Write Compelling Social Media Messages The first step in creating compelling social media messages involves tapping into the emotional side of your audience. It's at this point that you're going to dig deep and think about what's in it for them? Let's say for example that I wrote a blog post on creating inspiring Instagram content. I'd think about what my readers are going to get after they finish reading the blog post. That might include: How to think outside-the-box to execute more creative Instagram campaigns. How to increase engagement with better-quality photos. What's the optimal post frequency for the next network? Ultimately, they'll feel better prepared to rock at Instagram marketing, without spending hours of trial and error figuring things out themselves. Helping your audience build new skills while saving time? Sounds like a good goal to me! Once I had determined the benefit to my audience, I would aim my social media messages  at those takeaways. Suddenly you have clear benefits, a clear aim, and an emotional appeal to drive clicks to your content. Successful social posts have: 1. Clear benefit. 2. Clear aim. 3. Emotional appeal.How can you translate that into social media copy? In short, you have to maximize the few words that you have. This is where those talking points come into play. Ask yourself these things before you start: Is the message I’ve written  clearly communicating one of the talking points I selected earlier? Are my readers getting the best idea of what my content is about? Is this going to appeal to them in a way that will encourage them to interact with my content? Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Word Ninja Create Messages Around Statistics From Your Content One way to create compelling messages is including statistics that you’ve compiled in your content. For example, when we were promoting our social media posting schedule we found out that we could help users increase their traffic by 192%. Now if someone told me that I could increase my traffic by 192%, I’d want to find out how. Here’s another example of another statistic that from our blog on content promotion tactics. Grow your traffic by 3,150% with tip #19 of 100+ blog promotion tactics. https://t.co/HCGhkxIrcr pic.twitter.com/kQQIzEuqPI (@) June 29, 2017 Statistics give someone a data point to fall back on because they’ve been backed by a process that is repeatable and they can prove those statistics to their team. Create Messages Around A Compelling CTA The second type of message that you can create promote your content involves creating a compelling CTA. Telling your audience what to do and what they're going to get out of your content is a great way to encourage clicks. For example, Hamilton creator Lin Manuel Miranda encouraged people to pick up the new karaoke soundtrack for Hamilton and record them singing along. The call-to-action in this case is to buy the soundtrack and sing along. Those karaoke parties?Theyre called #Hamiltunes.Go make one for free wherever you are!Read more: https://t.co/3hvyIrDDxz https://t.co/L5Bq45oqRx Lin-Manuel Miranda (@Lin_Manuel) June 30, 2017 Another great CTA social media message example is this Instagram post from Barnes and Noble. They’re maximizing their book sales by encouraging fans to check out a list of gift for graduates that they created. Need some tutoring to help figure out what to get the students in your life? Check out our collection of "Gifts Ideas for Every Graduate" using the link in our bio! A post shared by Barnes Noble (@barnesandnoble) on May 25, 2017 at 2:32pm PDT Create Messages Telling Your Audience What They’re Going To Get When They Read Your Content One of the best things you can do when you’re crafting your social media messages is to tell you audience what they’re going to be getting when they read your content. If I read a message that says I’m going to get 15 different ideas on how to style my hair in a hurry, I hope that’s what I get if I click on the article. That’s why misleading titles or clickbait drive everyone crazy. You’re not being honest about what they’re going to get from your content.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Case analysis on PepsiCo's Diversification Strategy in 2008 Essay

Case analysis on PepsiCo's Diversification Strategy in 2008 - Essay Example Nevertheless, the challenge for PepsiCo is on how to improve its share of the international market, and how it would improve its sales in beverages and food commodities through appropriate market strategies. Recommendations Recommendation 1: Create an online retail market. This retail market can make their markets more accessible to the consumers, regardless of the consumers’ location. Tie-ups with local stores in the major cities and local stores can help direct the consumers towards areas where they can access the products they want. Recommendation 2: Increase accessibility of goods by increasing the number of products in the local stores and shops. More local stores must have their supply of PepsiCo products, from the beverages to their food items. Such goods must reach as many stores in both the cities and the rural areas in as many countries as possible. The company can provide online link-ups to these stores – to give local consumers the opportunity to access thes e goods through the internet and have them delivered to their homes or be picked up in the stores. Recommendation 3 Take out advertisements and commercials to run in the TV, newspapers, and similar media using the local talents or familiar celebrities in these countries. These advertisements can also run in magazines and in shopping areas, using these familiar and local celebrities. Promotional tours for these celebrities can also be used to assist in establishing the popularity and patronage of the products. Tie-ups with local activities in these countries can also be carried out. Significant factor list: 1. Its rival company Coca-Cola has created a formidable international market with a firm footing on many developing nations. 2. Its Quaker Oats products are not popular brands and products outside the United States. 3. Its recent acquisitions like Quaker Oats and Frito Lay Brands have not been popular brands outside the United States. Product lines like Fritos Corn Chips, Captain Crunch Cereal, and Cracker Jack popcorn, among others are not popular and strong products outside the United States. For the most part, these products are expensive purchases for other states, especially the developing nations. 4. The international crisis has affected sales for most major corporations operating in the local and in the international market. 5. Some of the local stores in countries outside the United States do not carry the PepsiCo and Quaker Oats products. 6. PepsiCo has not reached the local and cultural level of consumer appeal. It lacks a connection with the local people and such disconnect makes it more difficult for the company to be more appealable to the local consumers. 7. Environmental concerns on water consumption have been raised and have called for the company’s participation in conservation efforts. This implies higher production costs for the corporation. Justification of each recommendation Justification for Recommendation 1 Almost everything an d everyone these days is online. PepsiCo must take advantage of this new medium in order to ensure that its products would reach the most number of people in the international market. The internet is one of the most convenient, innovative, and time-saving technologies available today. It is a medium which allows users

Friday, November 1, 2019

Is Spontaneous Order a Form of Social Justice for Hayek Essay

Is Spontaneous Order a Form of Social Justice for Hayek - Essay Example Is Spontaneous Order a Form of Social Justice for Hayek? Then from the literature review, the views of various authors related to theory of Hayek will be taken into account to link these terms up. Finally, after a thorough analysis the final conclusion will be presented to sum up the whole theory. The concept of â€Å"Spontaneous order† is an order that emerges with the volunteer actions of the individuals and not the one that is artificially created by the government. It is the key concept in free market tradition and classical liberal explained differently by different people. However, Hayek has explained the term as more creatively designed efficient market economies than any societal design could achieve (Petsoulas, 2001 – pp.2). This view is pointing towards the fact that market economies are emerged naturally from the business services and the individuals involved in the buying and selling of these goods and services to form and distribute them accordingly depending upon the individual decisions. Such economies cannot b e designed and created by any society manually. The idea of â€Å"Social justice† refers to the equal distribution of rights and duties among all individuals present within a given system. It is the key concept that is supportive of human rights and aims to achieve all aspects of a social system including the administrative law. A social system is said to be â€Å"just† only when all rules and regulations are abide equally by all the individuals present in it. Fair treatment should be attributed to all individuals and groups to promote the basic concept of merit. Distribution of costs and benefits should be equal among all without any favor. According to the Hayed, the social justice is nothing but a â€Å"Mirage† (Routledge and Paul, 1982). Hayek has referred to the social justice as the â€Å"worst use of word social† and it indicates a â€Å"semantic fraud†. Hayek has noticed that the term has "already distorted the thinking of a younger generat ion," citing David Miller's recent Oxford doctoral thesis, titled as "Social Justice.† (Routledge, 1988, pp.114-118) All the above evidences show that Hayek was not supportive of the idea of social justice because he viewed that the economic reward system is the result of unplanned market economies that arises from the individual actions and decisions. Such system occurs naturally as a result of spontaneous order rather than being created manually then there is no need to think about social justice or injustice as every individual has been assigned a particular place and position within the society and is working under the command of some central authority that directs them. Hayek was of the view that the spontaneous order comprises of individuals and organizations than there is no need of social justice (Hayek, 1993, pp.46). Spontaneous order aims to correct the errors that are residing within a given social system and help the individuals to struggle and meet their desired e xpectations. It plays a key role in building social relationships. Hayek has put forth the idea that a centralized legal system would not be able to enhance the effectiveness of social justice or well being as â€Å"only human conduct can be called as jus or unjust† (Miller, 1976, pp.17) (Macleod, 1983, pp.557). The economic systems are too complex to be regulated in any centralized legal direction (Hayek, 1973, 1976, 1979). Hayek has simply rejected the idea of the prevalence of social or distributive justice within the spontaneous o